8Feb 2013年

古斯塔韦乐博士博士的演变

The International Scientific Series | D. Appleton and Company ~ New York ~ 1908

Table of Contents

Preface

Part I – The New Principles

书我 - 宇宙物理的新基础

Chapter I – The Present Anarchy of Science
Chapter II – The New Doctrines

Book II – The Irreducible Magnitudes of the Universe

Chapter I – Time, Space, Matter and Force
  1. The Conception of the Irreducible Magnitudes of the Universe
  2. 测量相同
Chapter II – The Great Constants of the Universe: Resistance and Movement
  1. 惯性或抵抗变化
  2. Mass
  3. 运动和力量
第三章 - 建立力量和宇宙的机械解释
  1. The Cycle of Forces
  2. The Mechanical Explanations of the Universe

书籍 - III - 能源不本能性的教条

第一章 - 力量的主体概念与能源保护理论
  1. The Conservation of Energy
  2. 热力学原理
Chapter II – The Energetical Explanation of Phenomena
  1. The Principles of Energetic Mechanics
  2. 能量的数量和张力
  3. 将数量转化为紧张，并相反
  4. 精力充沛的力学的一部分
Chapter III – The Degradation of Energy and Potential Energy
  1. The Theory of the Degradation of Energy
  2. 潜在的能量

书IV - 力量的新概念

第I章 - 势力的个性化和所谓的能量转变
  1. The Transformations of Energy
  2. Forms of Energy in Matter
第二章 - 物质均衡的变化与力量的乙醚
  1. 作为能量发电机的水平的改变
  2. 实体的元素称为能量
Chapter III – The Evolution of the Cosmos – Origin of Matter and Universal Forces
  1. The Origin of Matter
  2. Formation of a Solar System
  3. 分子和原子能内能量
  4. Intra-atomic Energy Source of Universal Forces
Chapter IV – The Vanishing of Energy and End of Our Universe
  1. The Old Age of Energy and Vanishing of Forces
  2. Summary of Doctrine of Vanishing of Energy and Discussion of Objections
  3. Periods of Evolution of World

第II部分 - 物理问题

Book I – The Dematerialization of Matter and the Problems of Electricity

Chapter I – The Genesis of Current Ideas on Relations of Electricity & Matter
  1. 化学化合物转化的一部分
  2. 就像在简单的身体溶解中
Chapter II – The Transformation of Matter Into Electricity
  1. Transformation of Matter into Energy
  2. Electrification by Influence
  3. 不同形式的电力影响
  4. Mechanism of Leak from Insulating Bodies
  5. Difference of Tension Between Electricity Produced by Chemical Changes & by Friction explained
Chapter III – The Problems of Magnetism, Magnetic Induction & Lines of Force
  1. Problem of Magnetism
  2. Problem of Origin of Lines of Force
第四章 - 电波
  1. Properties of Electric Waves
  2. Sensitiveness of Matter to Electric Waves
  3. Propagation of Electric Waves to a Distance & Their Utilization
Chapter V – The Transparency of Matter to Electric Waves
  1. 透明度实验史
  2. Transparency of Dielectrics to Same
第六章 - 不同形式的电力及其起源
  1. 有电力是否存在？
  2. Various Forms of Electricity

书二世——公关oblems of Heat and Light

Chapter I – The Problems of Heat
  1. 关于热量的老和新的想法
  2. 由此产生的热量和能量下的状态变化
  3. Can Heat be the Measure of all Forms of Energy?
  4. The Conception of the Absolute Zero
Chapter II – Transformation of Material Movements into Ethereal Vibrations & Radiant Heat
  1. Nature of Radiant Heat & Transformation by Matter of Ethereal Vibrations
  2. 物质辐射的持久性
  3. 伴随热量的电气排放
第三章 - 物质转化为光明
  1. Emission of Light by Matter
  2. Influence of Wavelength & Amplitude on Light
  3. The Invisible Spectrum
  4. Distribution of Energy Throughout Spectrum
  5. Absorption of Light by Matter
  6. Chemical and Photographic Action of Light
Chapter IV – The Dematerialization of Matter by Light
  1. Dissociation of Matter by Different Radiation of Solar Spectrum
  2. 镭呈镭展现起源

Book III – The Problems of Phosphorescence

Chapter I – Phosphorescence Produced by Light
  1. Different Forms of Phosphorescence
  2. Action of Different Parts of Spectrum on Phosphorescent Bodies
  3. 金刚石的磷光
  4. 磷光和温度的强度
  5. Decay of Phosphorescence by Action of Time
第二章 - 热量产生的磷光
  1. 观察方法
  2. 热量磷光体的性质
  3. 光和热磷光之间的类比
Chapter III – Phosphorescence from Other Causes than Above
  1. Phosphorescence by Impact & Friction
  2. By X and Cathode Rays & High-Frequency Effluves
  3. 通过化学反应
  4. Phosphorescence of Living Beings
  5. Of Gases
Chapter IV – The Causes of Phosphorescence
  1. Phosphorescence as a Manifestation of Intra-Atomic Energy
  2. 化学反应导致磷光

书四 - 黑光

Chapter I – Invisible Phosphorescence
  1. Divisions of Black Light
  2. History of Invisible Phosphorescence
  3. Properties of Invisible Phosphorescence
  4. 将隐形磷光转化为可见光
  5. 可见的可见光磷光
  6. Comparative Effects of Infrared Rays and Heat on Phosphorescence
  7. Radiations of Metals and Non-Phosphorescent Bodies
Chapter II – The Infrared Rays & Photography Through Opaque Bodies
  1. Visibility through Opaque Bodies
  2. Photography through Same
  3. 瞬间摄影在黑暗中
  4. Transparency of Different Bodies to Infrared Rays
  5. Use of Invisible Rays to Make Distant Bodies Visible
Chapter III – The Part Played by the Various Luminous Radiations in Vital Phenomena
  1. The Part of Light in Vital Phenomena
  2. 太阳光谱在植物寿命中的影响
  3. New Method of Study of Physiological Action of Infrared Rays
第四章 - 频谱的某些区域的拮抗属性
  1. 光线照亮和灭火的光线
  2. 光谱不同区域的相反性质

Book V – Forces of Unknown Origin & Hidden Forces

Chapter I – Universal Gravitation & Hidden Forces
  1. 引力的原因
  2. 引力的后果
  3. 力量昏暗地看到了
Chapter II – The Molecular & Intra-Atomic Forces
  1. Attractions and Repulsions of Material Elements
  2. Molecular Equilibria
  3. 力和形式
第三章 - 生物表现出的力量
  1. Living Matter and Cellular Life
  2. Instability the Condition of Life & Intra-Atomic Energies
  3. Forces Which Regulate the Organism
  4. 形态发生力
  5. 重要的现象的解释

主题指数

名称索引

编者的序言

n以下页面，Gustave Le Bon博士进一步发展了他在物质演变中提出的引人注目的新颖和原始理论（巴黎1905）。就像在最后一项工作中一样，他阐述了他第一个推断的教义，这一切都在一个解离和腐烂的状态下，所以在这方面，他将详细进入推论中，只要简要说明，原子是一个很好的能量水库，并且本身就是宇宙大部分力的来源。为了支持这一职位，他借助他之前的看不见的辐射，磷光和赫兹波的性质，所有这些都会呼吁，所有这些都有几种相关现象，他宣称是由原子的假设的解释性的，即解离，无论是完全还是部分，都可以在其形成内储存。然而，他谨慎宣布这是相当​​表达的，而不是他的研究表明，他的主张的有效性证明必须延迟自己或他人进一步实验的结果。

与此同时，通知Le Bon博士的原始论文及其推论已获得意外季度的批准。每一个新的科学理论，如果受到足够的深远的话，受到在所取代的想法的不赞成的情况下收到，而Le Bon博士的对物质普遍解剖的主张没有例外，这条规则也不例外。在法国，当他提醒我们在物质的演变时，他的第一次发现他在“黑光”的奇怪名字下他一起播放的现象，引起了一个完美的倾向于逃离的风暴。在英格兰，只有在科学世界所接受的伟大部分之后，他的理论才会渗透，这不是这种情况;但是，剑桥在剑桥的出现时，剑桥的两个成员在物质的演变之外，攻击其教学以及与矿石毒力的新颖性比力量（参见2月17日和24日和3月3日的雅典，10,17和24,1906;和Jahrbuch Fur Elektronik II（1905），p。459 et SEQ。）。It is therefore pleasing to find Mr P. D. Innes, himself a member of the Cavendish Laboratory, writing, with the apparent approval of its Director, in the Proceedings of the Royal Society (A, vol. lxxix, No. 4 (Sept 1907), p. 442.), with regard to radioactive phenomena, that:

“The only theory which can satisfactorily account for the phenomena observed is that of atomic disintegration, a process that is apparently going on in several, if not all, of the elements”;

and further (p. 443):

“That there is a great store of energy in the atom seems now beyond question, and if this reservoir could only become available, all our present conditions might be completely revolutionized.”

正是 - 就像任何人都可以看到自己 - Le Bon博士在物质演变中所采取的位置，并在目前的工作中进一步定义和强调。因此，似乎有充分的理由假设Le Bon博士的后来的理论以及他早期的理论，现在被科学人民广泛接受，并且在长期以来，这种接受将扩展到他的学说的所有点。

It should be noted that the present work was written expressly for the International Science Series, and was intended to appear simultaneously in England and France. Difficulties connected with the reproduction of the illustrations have caused the appearance of this version to lag some months behind the French, of which 8 editions of 1000 copies apiece have been rapidly exhausted. The delay has not been useless, as it has enabled me to add a few corrections and notes, together with indexes, which are wanting in the French editions.

F. Legge
英国皇家研究所（1908年2月）