Chapter I – The Present Anarchy of Science
每个哲学家都致力于具有相当模糊的概述和不确定的结论，如心理学，政治或历史;谁在几年前仔细阅读了物理科学的工作，必须通过定义的清晰度，示威的准确性以及实验的精确度。一切都被严格联系在一起并解释。在最复杂的现象方面总是想到了它的解释。
If this same philosopher had the curiosity to look for the general principles on which these precise sciences were founded, he could not but be compelled to admire their marvelous simplicity and their imposing grandeur. Chemistry and mechanics had the indestructible atom for their foundation, physics the indestructible energy. Learned equations, produced either by experiments or by pure reasoning, united by rigid formulas the four fundamental elements of things — i.e., time, space, matter and force. All the bodies in the universe, from the gigantic star describing its eternal revolutions in space down to the infinitesimal grain of dust which the wind seems to blow about at will, were subject to their laws.
我们为这种科学感到自豪，努力的几个努力。到它是由于各地统治的统一和简单性。一些思想迷恋的公式认为可以通过仅考虑现象之间的数学关系进一步简化它们。这些最后作为一个伟大的实体，viz的表现出来。：能量。一些微分方程足以解释观察发现的所有事实。科学的主要研究包括发现新的公式，从那一点开始成为自然被迫服从的普遍法律。
Before such important results, the philosopher bent low, and acknowledged that if but little certainty existed in the surrounding in which he lived, at least it could be found in the domain of pure science. How could he doubt it? Did he not notice that the majority of learned men were so sure of their demonstrations that not even the shadow of a doubt ever crossed their minds?
放在上面的事情的变化，超出了不稳定和矛盾意见的混乱，不稳定和矛盾的意见的混乱，他们在那个宁静的地区，所有不确定性都消失，在哪里闪耀着纯洁的真理耀眼的光芒。
Our great scientific theories are not all very ancient and great, since the cycle of precise experimental science hardly covers more than three centuries. This period, relatively so short, reveals two very distinct phases of evolution in the minds of scholars.
第一个是我刚刚提到的信心和确定性的时期。面对日常发现的增加，特别是在上个世纪上半叶，哲学和宗教教条，我们宇宙的概念已经基于这么长期以来，逐渐消失和消失。没有提出投诉。没有绝对的真理来取代古代信仰的前不确定性？每个新科学的创始人想象他们曾经为那种科学建立了一员，这是一个框架，这是一个只需要填写的框架。这个科学大厦一旦建立了一旦建立了一旦建立了一旦建立了一旦建立了，它就会仍然站在徒劳的想象的废墟上和过去的幻想。。科学的信条完整了。毫无疑问，它呈现出本质，无论人类和天堂都是租约的;但希望在早期的日期中举行后者并建立崇拜新的偶像，稍微木，但这至少永远不会发挥美国虚假。
在最近一天，在不可预见的发现被谴责的科学思想中遭受疑虑的疑虑，它仍然没有变化，这令人愉快的信心遭受疑虑，因为它可以永远自由地想象自己。裂缝仅对少数优秀智能可见的大厦突然猛烈地摇摇欲坠。矛盾和不影响者，最初也很难察觉，已经变得引人注目。幻死使得在短暂的时间空间中，问题是出现了似乎构成的原则，这些原则是我们在物理学中的知识最多的基础上的原则不仅仅是脆弱的假设，这些假设在妄想的面纱中乱写了深刻的无知。然后，这是令人厌恶的科学教条，以前曾经发生在宗教教条上，因为任何一个人都敢于讨论他们。批评的时间很快跟随颓废，然后是失踪和遗忘。
毫无疑问，哪些科学的原则如此自豪尚未完全丧生。很长一段时间，他们将继续对众多的积极真理成为积极的真理，并将在小学教科书中传播，但他们已经在真实学者的眼中失去了他们的声望。刚刚提到的发现只是简单地突出了最新作品已经开始揭示的不确定性;因此，科学自己已经进入了一个无政府状态的阶段，她可能会永远被认为是安全的。似乎有一个确定数学基础的原则现在由那些专业教学和捍卫他们的人争夺。如La Science et L'undothese在M. Henri Poincare这样的深刻书籍，几乎每一页都有这个问题。即使在数学领域，这种杰出的学者也表明我们只能在假设和公约中存活。
One of M. Poincare’s most eminent colleagues in the institute, the mathematician Emile Picard, has shown in one of his publications how “incoherent” are the present principles of another almost fundamental science — mechanics. He says: “At the end of the 18th century, the principles of mechanics seemed to defy all criticism, and the work of the founders of the science of motion formed a block which seemed for ever safe against the lapse of time. Since that epoch, searching analysis has examined the foundations of the edifice with a magnifying glass. As a matter of fact, where learned men like Lagrange and Laplace deemed everything quite simple, we today meet with the most serious difficulties. Every one who has had to teach the first steps of mechanics, and who has troubled to think for himself, has experienced how incoherent are the more or less traditional explanations of its principles”.
力学原理，显然是最简单的，在他的力学史上写道，“是非常复杂的性质。它们基于未实现的，甚至是不可挽回的实验。绝不能将它们作为展示的数学真理视为自己“。
At the present time we possess three systems of mechanics, each of which declares the other two to be absurd. Even if none of them, perhaps, deserves this qualification, they may at least be considered very incoherent, and as furnishing no acceptable expantion of phenomena.
“现在几乎存在”，写下M. Lucien Poincare，“曾经普遍承认的任何伟大的理论，以其共同同意，所有搜索的搜索者都予以普遍录取。一定的无政府状态在自然科学领域中统治，允许所有的假设，并且没有法律似乎僵硬......我们目前正在见证，而是拆迁而不是一个明确的建设工作......我们前任的想法似乎强烈建立现在是对比......今天所有现象都能够机械解释的想法一般被遗弃......机械师的原则是竞争者，最近的事实令人难以置于我们对迄今为止的法律绝对值的信念。
Assuredly the great theories which dominated the science of each epoch, and gave direction to its studies, did not remain forever undisputed. After an existence generally pretty long, they slowly vanished, but did not give place to new doctrines, until these last were strongly founded. Today the old principles are dead or dying, and those destined to replace them are only in course of formation. Modern man destroys faster than he builds. The legacies of the past are merely shadows. Gods, ideas, dogmas, and creeds vanish one after the other. Before new edifices capable of sheltering our thoughts can be built, many ruins will have crumbled into dust. We are still in an age of destruction, and therefore of anarchy.
幸运的是，幸运的是，比这个无政府状态更有利。世界上充满了我们看不到的事情，经典教义传统的错误或不足的想法是绷带是编织的，涵盖了我们的视线。历史表明科学理论在多大程度上延迟进展，因为他们获得了一定的固定性。在足够的解离之前的想法之后，新的前锋仅成为可能。要指出错误并跟进其后果是有时可用作发现新事实。也许对人类思想进步的最危险的事情是在读者面前放置 - 所有教育作品总是如此，不可确定的事实，并认为对科学限制限制，或者，奥古斯特·科特希望这样做，知识。庆祝的哲学家甚至建议创造一个学者的一堆，以便将限制对应允许的研究进行定制。不幸的是，这些法庭已经太多了，而且没有人可以不知道破坏如何影响他们的影响。
There should therefore be no hesitation to examine closely the fundamental dogmas of science for the sole reason that they are venerated and at first sight appear indestructible. The great merit of Descartes lay in his viewing as doubtful what down to his time had been considered uncontested truth. Too often do we forget the scientific idols of the present day have no more right to invulnerability than those of the past.
The two dogmas of modern science formerly most respected were those of the indestructibility of matter and energy. The first was already 2000 years old, and all discoveries had only tended to confirm it. By a marvelous exception, the strangeness of which struck no one, while all things in the universe were condemned to perish, matter remained indestructible. The beings formed by the combinations of atoms had but an ephemeral existence; but they were composed of immortal elements. Created at the beginning of the ages, these elements defied the action of centuries and, like the gods of ancient legends, enjoyed eternal youth.
但是，没有单独拥有这种不朽的特权。该力量 - 现在被称为能量 - 同样坚不可摧。最后一次可能会不断改变其形式，但世界上它的数量仍然不变。一种能量不能消失而不会被另一个等价物取代。
我致力于近10年的实验研究，在我的书中总结，物质的演变，证明了上述教条中的第一个不能再保持，并且这事项也必须进入谴责的事物的循环变老和死。但如果重要的话，我们能否认为能量独自享有不朽的特权？能量守恒的教条仍然保留了如此多的声誉，这似乎没有批评似乎摇动它。在这项工作中，我们必须讨论其价值，这项研究将需要许多其他人。我自己的实验研究导致我探讨了一些不同的物理章节，而不会在没有关于他们所教导的内容。尽管这些研究有必要的零碎特征，但他们可能会对那些科学信仰尚未解决的读者来兴趣。
最终对某些物理和力学原理给予了非常重要的力量是它们被包裹的非常复杂的数学仪器。一切以代数形式呈现的一切都会获得某些思想无可争议的真理的特征。最完美的怀疑论者愿意将一个神秘的美德归因于公式和弓箭到他们所谓的权力。他们越来越多地替代，在教学，理由和实验中取代。这些妄想面纱现在只有最简单的原则频繁用于掩盖不确定性。它是通过举起我成功的举措，不止一次在展示许多学者拥有揭示教条的权威的科学信仰中的脆弱。
Chapter II – The New Doctrines
牛顿，写了拉格朗日，是最伟大的，同时，一个最幸运的天才，因为一个人不仅仅是曾经找到一个宇宙的宇宙。
在这句话中，杰出的数学家明显说服了宇宙的系统必须被视为一劳永逸的。这种简单的信念不再是许多追随者。现在看起来很清楚，我们很少知道宇宙的一般规律。当这些法律建立时，我们只能在遥远的未来看到遥远的未来。然而，已经认为世界的实际机制与过去的科学构成的大大不同。我们现在觉得自己被巨大的力量所包围，我们只能瞥见，遵守我们未知的法律。
想法必然在链中彼此遵循。在没有带来这一系列同样新的后果的情况下，无法启动一个新的理论。事实证明，在原子的解离是一种普遍的现象之后，尽管巨大的宏伟，但迄今为止的能量是一个巨大的能量储层，我自然导致自己宣传宇宙的所有力量 - 尤其是太阳能热电和电 - 没有完全从这个能量储存，因此来自物质的解离。
至于太阳热,大多数terrestr的来源ial energies, dissociation appeared sufficient to explain the maintenance of the sun’s temperature on the hypothesis that the atoms of incandescent stars must have contained more intra-atomic energy than they possess when once grown cool. As regards electricity, I recall the result of my experiments: — that the particles emitted by an electrified point are identical with those which come forth from a radioactive body such as radium. This fact proves that electricity also is a product of the dematerialization of matter.
The phenomenon of the dissociation of atoms presented therefore consequences of considerable importance, since it was possible to regard it as the origin of the forces of the universe. Matter became a simple reservoir of forces, and could itself be considered as a relatively stable form of energy. This conception caused the disappearance of the classic dichotomy between matter and energy, and between matter and the ether. It allowed us to connect the two worlds of the Ponderable and the Imponderable, once considered very distinct, which science believed she had definitely separated. Berthelot even asserted at the recent inauguration of the Lavoisier monument, that the distinction between ponderable matter and imponderable agencies is one of the greatest discoveries ever made”.
It now seems, however, that physicists should have seen a long time ago — that is, long before the recent discoveries — that matter and the ether are intimately connected, that they are unceasingly interchanging energies, and are in no way separate worlds. Matter continuously emits luminous or calorific radiations, and can absorb them. Down to the absolute zero it radiates continuously — that is to say, it emits ethereal vibrations. The agitations of matter propagate themselves in the ether, and those of the ether in matter, and without this propagation there would be neither heat nor light. The ether and matter are one thing under different forms, and we cannot put them asunder. If we had not taken as a starting point the narrow view that light and heat are imponderable agents because they appear to add nothing to the weight of bodies, the distinction between the ponderable and imponderable, to which scholars attach so much importance, would have long ago vanished.
毫不适合毫无意义的代理商，我们尚未学会孤立，但它的现实是显而易见的，因为没有它没有解释任何现象。它现在的存在似乎是几个物理学家更肯定的物理学家。它不能被隔绝，但是不可能说它无法看到或触及。相反，我们经常看到和触摸的物质。当一个身体辐射温暖或烧伤我们的热量时，如果不是乙醚的振动，那么这种热量是什么构成的？当我们看到磨碎的地面玻璃上的绿色景观时，这是什么构成这个图像，如果不是以太？
The theory of the dissociation of matter has not only served to clear away the two great dichotomies, force and matter, ponderable and imponderable, which seemed established forever. The doctrine of the vanishing of matter by its transformation into energy carries with it important consequences in regard to current ideas of energy.
根据力学最基本的原则，当我们与材料体通信时，可以改变这种能量，但是该能量永远不会回报超过它的量超过它。这一原则被认为太不言而喻，以争议。事实上，这是无可争议的，只要它被承认，问题只能放弃传递给它的能量并且无法创造任何东西。通过表明物质是一种巨大的能量储层，我同时证明了它发出的能量数量，在外部武力作为一种激动人的影响下，可能远远超过它已经收到的。
With such a very slight excitement as that of a thin pencil of invisible ultraviolet radiations, — or even with no excitement at all, we observe in the emission of spontaneously dissociating bodies such as radium, — we can obtain considerable quantities of energy. No doubt, we do not create this liberated energy, since it already exists in matter, but we obtain it under conditions which the old laws of mechanics could never have imagined. The idea that matte cold be transformed into energy would have seemed absolutely absurd only a very few years ago.
它将成为发现释放手段的未来科学的一部分，以实际的形式释放，这是重要的含量的力量。
“Intra-atomic能源科学带入play”, recently wrote M. Ferrand, “will create the totally new science of modern Energetics: it will give us the formula of the thermodynamic potential of energy freed from matter. Turned commercially to account, it is capable of turning upside down the productive activity of our old world”.
The researches which I have set forth in numerous papers for the last 10 years have rapidly spread through the laboratories, and have been largely utilized, especially by those physicists who have not quoted them. Some of my propositions, considered very revolutionary when first formulated, are now beginning to be almost commonplace, although they are far from having yet produced all their consequences. When those last are unfolded, they will lead to the renewal of a great part of a scientific edifice the stability of which seemed eternal.
证明这个大厦如此稳定，在外观上很稳定是有用的，远远不那么稳定，并且可能从我们普通教育习惯的人那里的非常不同的点观看。这是为了证明这项工作的一部分将致力于这一工作。
将引导我们的基本原则是我在前面工作中列举的基本原则，我重复了： -
- 迄今为止，迄今被认为是坚不可摧的，通过其组分原子的连续解离慢慢消失。
- The products of the dematerialization of matter constitute substances placed by their properties between ponderable bodies and the imponderable ether — that is to say, between two worlds hitherto considered as widely separate.
- Matter, formerly regarded as inert and only able to give back the energy originally supplied to it, is, on the other hand, a colossal reservoir of energy — intra-atomic energy — which it can expend without borrowing anything from without.
- It is from the intra-atomic energy liberated during the dissociation of matter that most of the forces in the universe are derived, and notably electricity and solar heat.
- 力和物质是两种不同形式的一个和同样的东西。物质代表稳定的原子能中能量形式：热量，光，电力等，代表其不稳定形式。
- 通过原子的解离 - 也就是说通过物质的实现，所谓的能量稳定的能量形式被简单地改变为所知道的电力，光，热量等的那些不稳定的形式，因此被连续转化为物质活力。
- 适用于生物的进化法也适用于简单的机构;化学物种与生活物种不那么不稳定。
- 能量不比它从它发出的问题更坚不可摧。
